U.S. stocks ended down slightly in a volatile session on Tuesday, led by a drop in materials and energy shares following further weakness in commodity prices.

The S&P 500 slipped under its 50-day moving average of 2,046 around midday, triggering weakness, while volume also picked up. All three indexes fell from highs of more than 1 percent during the session, with the S&P 500 moving more than 48 points from its high for the day to its low, its widest range since Oct. 15.

Shares of homebuilders .HGX fell 1.5 percent after KB Home (KBH.N) forecast a drop in gross margins for the first quarter. Homebuilder stocks had been up earlier in the session, but KB Home dropped 16.3 percent to $13.87, its biggest percentage fall since 1992. 

Shares of Freeport McMoran Copper & Gold (FCX.N) slid 7.5 percent to $21.04, and were the S&P 500's biggest percentage decliner. The S&P materials index .SPLRCMA fell 1.2 percent and was the S&P 500's worst-performing sector.

Copper prices dropped further below $6,000 per tonne to their weakest level in more than five years, while oil prices tumbled to near six-year lows before recovering.

"We're seeing commodity prices continue to go down, not only in oil but across the board. So it's this fear of lower commodity prices leading to global deflation which is leading this nervousness," said Peter Cardillo, chief market economist at Rockwell Global Capital in New York.

The S&P energy index .SPNY was down 0.7 percent, with shares of Exxon Mobil (XOM.N) down 0.4 percent at $90.

The Dow Jones industrial average .DJI fell 27.16 points, or 0.15 percent, to 17,613.68, theS&P 500 .SPX lost 5.23 points, or 0.26 percent, to 2,023.03 and the Nasdaq Composite.IXIC dropped 3.21 points, or 0.07 percent, to 4,661.50.

The losses extended the recent decline to a third day. The S&P 500 is now down 3.2 percent since its Dec. 29 record high, marked by concerns about plunging oil prices, global economic weakness and Greece's potential exit from the euro zone.

A reduction in the amount to hedging in the market as shown by options on the CBOE Volatiity index .VIX suggests some investors may be more exposed to big fluctuations in the stock market, said Joe Bell, senior equity analyst at Schaeffer's Investment Research in Cincinnati. The VIX ended the day up 4.9 percent at 20.56.

Results have begun rolling in for U.S. quarterly earnings, though estimates have fallen sharply in recent months as oil prices sold off.

Goodyear Tire & Rubber (GT.O) stumbled 7.1 percent to $26.05 after the company estimated full-year operating income growth "slightly below" its forecast of 10 to 15 percent.

About 7.8 billion shares changed hands on U.S. exchanges, above the 7.2 billion average for the last five sessions, according to BATS Global Markets.

NYSE decliners outnumbered advancers 1,627 to 1,460, for a 1.11-to-1 ratio; on the Nasdaq, 1,393 issues fell and 1,326 advanced, for a 1.05-to-1 ratio favoring decliners.

The S&P 500 posted 57 new 52-week highs and 21 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 113 new highs and 105 new lows.